Environmental Ethics - 1905 Words

Environmental Ethics To keep our environment healthy, all these element need to work together. There are no global laws protecting the environment and that is why everyone should practice good ethics when it comes to the environment. Environmental ethics is the part of environment philosophy which considers extending the traditional boundaries of ethics from only including hum and to non-humans. There are many ethical decisions that human beings make with respect to the environment. Humans are been considered of rational agents because they have clear preference, models uncertainty via expected values, and always to perform the action with the optimal expected outcome of itself. The action of the rational agent performs depends on the†¦show more content†¦It will influence the future generations to why we consider environment has been important, create opportunities for generation to come, a culture that can be passed on and sense of appreciation of such an experience (Singer, 2011). This point may not so readily apply to a wider consequentialist approach, which attributes intrinsic value not only to pleasure or satisfaction, but also to various objects and processes in the natural environment (Singer, 2011). John Rawls states that the principle of fairness is important as it applies to individuals the principle of fairness are a link between the two principles of social or political justice and individual obligations to comply with specific social practices (Pogge, 2007). By expanding the scope of what one considers to be an ‘end’ to include both aspects of nature as well as future generations, one can transform the implications of Rawls’ theory (Pogge, 2007). Rawls advances his theory of justice through what is called the Original Position which is a hypothetical situation in which all individuals are granted perfect equality and are asked to choose a principle of justice behind a veil of ignorance, which eliminates their biases (Pogge, 2007). The hypothetical persons in the Original Position, ignorant of who and what they will be in society and perfectly equal to one another, are able to truly come to a consensus as to what a just society would be (Pogge, 2007). Jus ticeShow MoreRelatedCreating an Environmental Ethic Essay1418 Words   |  6 PagesCreating an Environmental Ethic Traditionally, Western views of environment ethics has been unclear and for the most part unnecessary. We used earth’s resources without thinking about consequence. This nonchalant use aided in the West’s ability to influence the world through technological advances. In the past, limited travel and slow communication systems had limited our view to a local one. If pollution or to much urbanization occurred the solution was to move. Industrialization hasRead More History of the Origins of Environmental Ethics Essay1045 Words   |  5 PagesHistory of the Origins of Environmental Ethics The inspiration for environmental ethics was the first Earth Day in 1970 when environmentalists started urging philosophers who were involved with environmental groups to do something about environmental ethics. An intellectual climate had developed in the last few years of the 1960s in large part because of the publication of two papers in Science: Lynn Whites The Historical Roots of our Ecologic Crisis (March 1967) and Garett Hardins The TragedyRead MoreThe Ethics Of Environmental Ethics2361 Words   |  10 PagesThe writings for the week covered different approaches to what environmental ethics is and how it is obtained. Different approaches in the value in environmental ethics are found due to the different approaches. In terms of value one must find what value means to them and how they measure it. Dobel and Frendel came to the approach that religion is a basis of environmental ethics. This is due to the fact that roots of both Christianity and Judaism discussing the need to care for the earth in someRead MoreThe Ethics Of Environmental Ethics936 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Ethics This research will be based on two types of theories. These theories will be the guiding approaches that will be used in order to come up with the real issue at hand and also be able to provide a solution for the same. The first of the two approaches will be deontological approach and the other will be utilitarianism approach. Therefore, to better understand how to use these two approaches, it is better to first discuss them briefly and have a better understanding of what theyRead MoreThe Central Dilemma Of Environmental Ethics866 Words   |  4 PagesThe central dilemma in environmental ethics is determining the value of nature: what kind of value does it have, what aspects of the environment have value, and from what or whom does environmental value ultimately derive? Many philosophers have proposed answers to these inquiries, but every ethic is weak in one or more of these areas. Holmes Rolston III, an American philosopher, preacher, and naturalist, has proposed a deontological a rgument that addresses each of the key subjects in the debateRead MoreEnvironmental Ethics4554 Words   |  19 PagesEnvironmental challenges as business opportunity I. INTRODUCTION â€Å"Earth provides enough to satisfy every mans needs, but not every mans greed.† - Mahatma Gandhi The above quote rightly points out the role of environment for the mankind and the responsibility we need to shoulder for its sustenance. Weve come a long way in recognizing that and now almost every business has a statute of doing something good for the environment as part of their CSR initiative. But companies who think of the environmentRead MoreThe Justification For Environmental Ethics Essay1840 Words   |  8 Pages In this paper, I will investigate the justification for environmental ethics arguments and its concern on human beings’ ethical relationship with the environment. While many philosophers have written on the topic of environment ethics throughout history, not until the 1970s did it develop into such a specific philosophical discipline. The individual’s knowledge of the effects that technology, industry, economic expansion, and population growth were having on the environment began in the 1960s.Read More Environmental Ethics Essay2121 Words   |  9 PagesNeed for Environmental Ethics â€Å"Unless humanity is suicidal, it should want to preserve, at the minimum, the natural life-support systems and processes required to sustain its own existence† (Daily p.365). I agree with scientist Gretchen Daily that drastic action is needed now to prevent environmental disaster. Immediate action and changes in attitude are not only necessary for survival but are also morally required. In this paper, I will approach the topic of environmental ethics from severalRead MoreEssay on Environmental Ethics2347 Words   |  10 Pages Ethics is the study of what is right and wrong in human conduct. Environmental ethics studies the effects of human’s moral relationships on the environment and everything within it (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008). The ethical principles that govern those relations determine human duties, obligations, and responsibilities with regard to the Earth’s natural environment and all of the animals and plants that inhabit it ( Taylor, 1989). The purpose of this paper is to reveal environmentalRead MoreDevelopment Ethics And Environmental Injustices Essay2730 Words   |  11 PagesResearch Proposal Kazi A S M Nurul Huda Assistant Professor Department of Philosophy University of Dhaka Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Title â€Å"Development Ethics and Environmental Injustices in Bangladesh† Research Problem Critiques of understanding development as regards the processes of economic growth, industrialization, and modernization are common on the grounds that it raises as many problems as it solves. As a reaction, some scholars propose a normative understanding of development as the point of

The Movie The Help - 2141 Words

The film, The Help was a great movie but it was definitely an eye opener for me because as we research different eras we find that circumstances for Black women were always at the hands of someone else. Black women were referred to as Negros in this era and sometimes were called more derogatory names, that we need not mention. Blacks were not allowed to drink cokes, and were punished if they were caught drinking it. Unfortunately, Black women were mothers to their own children and they had to be mothers to the white children that they cared for. Black women had to leave their children with someone else while they cared for the white children. The mothers of those children were so busy doing book clubs, town meeting etc. that they didn’t have time to take care of their own children. When the children were in need of attention, most times it was the maid that coddled the children and make sure that they were taken care of. In the movie the white children depended on the maid more than their own parents. The parents only picked the children up once a day to spend time with them or to even talk to them. Even the fathers didn’t have time for the children and only saw them in passing as they were walking out the door. Black women potty trained the children that they cared for while the mothers carried on with their daily tasks. Even though Black women were treated unfairly, the white women often looked up to them and may have even asked for help with theirShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie The Help 1019 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the best-selling books and the film ‘The Help’ is very closely relevant to the untold stories of African-American women and their experience in service to the white women – part of the narrative of civil rights and segregation in America. The Help is less about the undermined black servants than it is about the white sympathizers, extremely close to missing the point entirely. The civil rights movement was vast and complicated and included African-Americans and white people as heroes, If theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help 1132 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to the movie The help, I understand that the African American in the past where being abused from white people and where insulted and treated as animals. They used men as cookers and farmers. And women where used as nannies. Also they splurge the nannies between each other. However, white people doesn’t treat African American in a good way. When they was treated from white people one of the friend of the white people tried to solve this dilemma which is to make justice between white andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help832 Words   |  4 Pages I watched the movie award winning move The Help. This movie tak es place in Jackson, Mississippi during the 1960’s. This was a time period of lots of racial discrimination and gender discrimination right in the middle of the civil rights movement. The story line of The Help is about a young women named Skeeter, who aspires to be big New York City writer. She get a job at a local news paper and on the side decided to secretly interview the black maids (The Help) about their different stories, experiencesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help 1550 Words   |  7 Pages Walt Disney Studio’s 2011 film, â€Å"The Help† is an adaption of Kathryn Stockett’s 2009 novel of the same name. The Help is an American drama film, and stars a powerhouse cast, with the leading roles played by Emma Stone, Viola Davis, Octavia Spencer, Jessica Chastain, and Allison Janney. The film was both written and directed by Kathryn Stockett’s friend Tate Taylor, who was given the rights to the film before her book was even published. In 1960’s Jackson, Mississippi during the civil rights movementRead MoreMovie Review: The Help2313 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿The Help- The Movie A Critical Analysis The Help has been one of the most eminent movies released in 2011. Its been an exceptional piece of work if analyzed in the spectrum of complete entertainment. From storytelling to genre, the movie has performed reasonably in many areas. Although there have been various criticisms on the movie when it comes to basic plot, however overall the movie manages to reveal its actual meaning yet being an entertaining at the same time. The movie was nominatedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help 1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe Help is a drama set in Jackson, Mississippi during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. The film focuses on the development of Eugenia Skeeter Phelan, a young, aspiring Anglo American author trying to find her way in the world of writing. After becoming closer acquainted with Aibileen, an African-American maid employed by her peer Elizabeth Leefolt, Skeeter becomes more aware of the racist attitudes that white Americans in her community have towards ‘ black’ Americans. After successfullyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Help Essay2249 Words   |  9 PagesThe film â€Å"The Help† (2011), is a story based on the daily lives of prominent white women and the relationships with their African-American housemaids in Jackson, Mississippi, during the 1960s Civil Rights movement in America. A well-to-do white woman and central character in this film, Eugenia â€Å"Skeeter† Phelan, aspires to be a journalist and decides to write and publish an exposà © of the stories of the housemaids in Jackson to achieve this goal, however, only two maids, Aibileen Clark and Minny JacksonRead MoreMovie Review: the Help Essay643 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"The Help† An emotionally stirring movie taking place in Jackson, Mississippi in the 1960s, â€Å"The Help† stars Emma Stone, Viola Davis, and Octavia Spencer as three women who share a common motive. This racially tense setting creates the perfect foundation for a drama film such as this. The characters’ personalities in combination with the emotion of the plot develop a socially accurate depiction of the struggles faced by the people of the time. While the racial aspect of the movie is dominantRead MoreMovie Analysis : Film Analysis Of The Movie The Help796 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Help† Analysis Paper During the 1960’s , americans underwent an era of critical issues in the United States. Throughout this time, the United States was in a stage of racial issues where racism was still openly accepted of society. The struggle by African-Americans to achieve rights equal to those that white people received was also known as the Civil Rights Movement. That included having an opportunity in employment, voting rights, having access to public facilities, education andRead MoreSlavery in the Movie The Help Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesThe term â€Å"The Help† according to dictionary.com means the action of helping someone to do something. Which refers to the duty of a person that helps keep a household clean and organized. Back when racism was still openly accepted by society, black women were the only candidates available for this type of job, because it was very difficult for them to find jobs. The job of being â€Å"The Help† in the house for rich white folks includes taking care of the kids, the house, and worry about preparing 3

Bad Boys and Why They Are Not Naughty by Nature but by Culture Free Essays

Samantha Latting Charise Albritton Sociology 3255 4 April 2013 Bad Boys And Why They Are Not Naughty By Nature But By Culture â€Å"Don’t Believe the Hype. † I believe the title of the very first chapter perfectly introduces and summarizes Bad Boys: Public Schools in the Making of Black Masculinity. These young boys are adultified and are tied to these two controlling images of the criminal and the endangered species. We will write a custom essay sample on Bad Boys and Why They Are Not Naughty by Nature but by Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The way these young boys are treated in school is a parallel to how they will be treated in juvenile detentions centers and in a lot of cases the penal system when they reach adulthood. Due to the adultification and controlling images black male youth develop different coping mechanisms to deal with these negative assumptions they know are made about them. This includes they way they act out in their classrooms. The way in which these young boys are behaving is not because they are â€Å"naughty by nature,† it is an act, or a defense mechanism that is brought upon by how they are treated by educators and other authority figures. [Black boys] are not seen as childlike but adultified; as black males, they are denied the masculine dispensation constituting white males as being ‘naturally naughty’ and are discerned as willfully bad (80). † School is supposed to be a place where children learn, develop and grow. However, when a child is adultified this cannot really occur. This means that adults they interact with believe that their future is pre-determined. A common phrase used without the book is â€Å"that kid has a jail cell with his name o n it. When educators have this kind of mentality where they believe they are not going to be able to change this student they do not attempt to—in their head they are as developed, as they will ever be, just as an adult would be. The two controlling images that are tied to adultification are the criminal and the endangered species (83). Criminalization was touched on a bit when the bit about teachers believing the child would end up in jail was mentioned. Young black males and their actions and transgressions â€Å"are made to take on a sinister, intentional, fully conscious tone that is stripped of any element of childish naivete (83). The second controlling image, the endangered species, is a mirror image of the criminal. By calling the young black male an endangered species we’re saying they are in an obsolete stage of social evolution. When looking at the boys in either light, as a criminal or as an endangered species â€Å"contemporary imagery proclaims black ma les to be responsible for their own fate. The discourse of individual choice and responsibility elides the social and economic context and locates predation as coming from within (82). This means that although it may be said that the black male is in control of his own actions the discourses in which we view them actually says the opposite; that people believe that they are, once again, naughty by nature. Black male youth have too frequent relationships with the penal system, which could be, in part, because of this naughty by nature belief. Due to profiling and stereotyping their chances of entering the juvenile detention system is high and there is an even higher chance of being jailed as an adult (233). We see the criminality and demonization of black male youth that was present in their school experiences in the penal system as well. This process is repeated through â€Å"surveillance, policing, charges, and penalties (233). † Black male youth perform masculinity using three strategies. These strategies are gendered acts, classroom performance, and fighting. Gendered acts means the boys act as aggressors and treat the females as victims. These strategies often get the boys in trouble, however it is a way for him to make a place for himself as a ‘real boy. These gendered acts are not just imitation; they are a â€Å"highly strategic attachment to a social category that has political effects (171). † Performance in the classroom is also a tactic used to perform masculinity. It is â€Å"fundamental to the masculine performance is engagement with power. † In the book there are several instances of black male youth causing classroom disruptions. This could inc lude laughing, constantly talking, interrupting, being loud, being sassy, demanding other’s attention, etc. The kids see most of these acts as humorous and times of self-expression (175). Some kids are stars at these performances. The performances are rituals that involve their own script, roles, and timing. â€Å"These dramatic moments are sites for the presentations of a potent masculine presence in the classroom (176). † The ‘good bad boy’ engages power, makes the class laugh, takes risks and makes the teacher smile (176). The final tactic used to perform masculinity is fighting. In the book, fighting is the most common offense in which students are sent to the Punishing Room and the vast majority of the offenders are African American males (180). Students are told that fighting is not the answer; if someone tries to start a fight with you then you should tell a teacher and allow them to intervene. However, this goes against the code of masculinity. Letting an adult intervene is a sign of weakness. Another reason children don’t want teachers to intervene is because they don’t believe an adult can really change the relationship between kids. The only thing she can really do is instruct them to stop (180). Black male youth develop coping mechanisms in response to the reception they receive in public. Included in these mechanisms are â€Å"processes of identification, the formation of self at the conjecture of how one is seen an how one sees oneself. (125). † On one level the boys brush off the fear and surveillance as flattering and a sign of their ability to attract attention and be noticed (125). This can be a temporarily rewarding reaction. However, on another level â€Å"identities are constituted in relationship to the perceptions and expectations of other people (125). † The act the boys are putting on becomes a reality—they reinforce the idea of this stereotype of behavior. We can look at Horace to personify these examples. Horace is prepared to fight both physically and verbally. He has learned that in public he needs to challenge authority. His fighting has earned him respect and authority among his peers. This is easily tied in to how classroom performance plays a role in masculinity, which was briefly touched upon before. For African American boys this performance in the classroom of being a ‘class clown’ or causing other disruptions â€Å"invokes cultural conventions of speech performance that draws on a black repertoire (178). This performance in the classroom is a way for African American boys to establish their desired reputation and to make a name for themselves, as well as achieve status at school. Don’t simply believe the hype and stereotypes surrounding black male youth. They are not â€Å"naughty by nature,† but by the culture in which they live and learn in. These boys are adultified and seen as a criminals and/ or an endangered species. Many times this ‘bad’ behavior is simply an act to achieve masculinity and status among peers and over time becomes reality. This is one of the coping mechanisms that these boys develop to deal with the way they are treated and perceived by the adults in their lives. They way these authority figures at school treat them is very similar to how they will be treated in juvenile detentions centers (which they are likely to encounter) and by people in the penal system in which they very well may be subjected to as adults. The behavior of these young boys is due to a cause and effect relationship between how they are treated by their educators and other adults in positions of authority. How to cite Bad Boys and Why They Are Not Naughty by Nature but by Culture, Papers

Vertical Integration Walmart free essay sample

Vertical integration is a business growth strategy for economics of scale. It is typified by one firm engaged in different parts of production example; growing raw materials, manufacturing, transporting, marketing, and/or retailing to expand business in existing market for the firm. It can function in two directions both forward integration and backward integration. In Forward integration involves company to develop strategy to control the firm product distribution either through distribution centers or retailers. It is a necessary action when companies have potential benefits from handling, shipping of their own products directly to customers, or the retail selling their own products in brand stores. In backward integration involves company to develop strategy to control its supply of raw material by acquiring its supplier firm or setting up its own facilities to produce the material to achieve cost efficiency and enjoy economic of scale. Often it is learnt that the huge investment is required for firm to develop vertical integration, therefore, it is important for the firm to know beforehand whether vertical integration strategy add specific value to the company, and does it aligned with the overall strategy of the company, customer needs and wants. We will write a custom essay sample on Vertical Integration Walmart or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For Wal-Mart, it is better to develop vertical integration based on the firm establishment in the market and the firm is always looking into expansion. Walmart is a well-known hypermarket with 8500 stores across 15 different countries. It is in business of selling everything to customers’ needs in their everyday lives. Wal-Mart practices vertical integration strategy where it has developed its own name brand to sell products called Sams Choice Today; Sam’s Choice extended its products like soft drinks, cereal, and dog food. While they still dont grow their own crops or raise their own livestock, it is still a form of vertical integration. In 2010, the company expanded to cater home entertainment by buying over Vudu that provides online streaming service offering users to purchase movies that is compatible to any internet capable device. Having strong presence in the retail industry, the firm expanded business to offer second hand car. The firm leverage on its competencies to provide its own product to consumer. Also, Wal-Mart works heavily with its suppliers. This symbiotic relationship can be seen as vertical integration due to the level at which Wal-Mart analyses its suppliers and improves their manufacturing processes. Wal-Mart definitely has the business strategy of Low Cost Leadership. They do nothing to really differentiate themselves from competitors and provide no-frills self-service stores that always provide the lowest prices. Wal-Mart has built enough clout with suppliers that they can dictate the prices and go in and change suppliers manufacturing processes in order to wring out more and more savings for the consumer. However, it is not always the case that all firms should develop vertical integration strategy to enjoy economic of scale. Firm like boutique or niche items that produces on a small scale are not suitable to implement as it will benefit less from vertically integrated mainly because the input demand for grow is small and due to exclusive nature their prices are inelastic as compare to industry like Oil and Gas Industry, Telecom, Media, automobile developed vertical integration strategy . The main advantage of the vertical integration is the increased control. For instance, Wal-Mart with large market share is attractive to supplier. Though Wal-Mart does not own asset specificity to produce product internally but there is a large market input outside and therefore Walmart is benefited by having bargaining power and gaining control over price and manufacturing process in order to wring out more and more saving consumer. On the other hand Walmart, performs distribution and retailing activities, it has more control over the way the product is presented and at what prices it is sold in the market In relative to firm like oil and gas industry Esso mobile, it gain control through Asset specificity to produce internally. Developing a vertical integration strategy solely increase advantages over competition and able to block competitors from gaining access to scarce resources or important markets. A retailer might buy a manufacturing company, for instance, to gain access to proprietary technology, patents or resources only available in the firms local area. For instance Walmart acquired VuVu to gain access to the home entertainment business. Integrate an organisation the work done by previous suppliers or costumers are also introducing or expanding the core competencies of your workers. That way you can be enriching some of your organisation jobs, leading to increasing satisfaction and motivation of your workers, which is an important benefit. For instance, Walmart employee is rotated to different work function that enable employee to acquired new skill and value add to their growth. Vertical integration offers the opportunity to go even further. With specialized assets and having more control over inputs, it is possible that you can differentiate from your competitors, and gain competitive advantage. This is a way to increase your share in the market, which can lead to increased profits. For exam No doubt vertical integration boosts profit revenue but it required huge capital injection to produce excess goods for retail distribution and to ensure having adequate storage space. When goods are sold Walmart makes a lot of money but if its unsold, they have to bear the cost and at times dispose away as product have life span. Its resulting in losses. It results in fixed sources of supply and less flexibility in accommodating buyer demands for product variety. It extends firms scope of activity, locking it deeper into the industry Vertical integration poses problems of balancing capacity at each stage of value chain. It can reduce a firms manufacturing flexibility, lengthening design time and ability to introduce new products. For example, Walmart to increase capacity, they have to make sure that they generate the additional sales corresponding to that increased capacity. Though their businesses acquire a bigger space, new equipment but there’s not a plan for bringing in the sales to take advantage of that increased capacity capability, it’s just increased overhead; a fixed cost. When you integrate more work that is different in your organisation, you are developing new core competencies, which is, as seen before, a positive effect. Nevertheless, this can represent a drawback when these new competencies affect existing competencies in a negative way, making people uncomfortable in performing their functions, which can end in less satisfaction and motivation of the workers and in less productivity of the enterprise. Although vertical integration should lead to lower costs, in fact in some cases you can obtain quite the opposite. It is possible that you increase your organisations bureaucratic costs by the fact that you are integrating different jobs in the same organisation. Another issue is that if you integrate backwards, you may reduce or eliminate competition amongst suppliers, which can result in low efficiencies and, consequently, higher costs In conclusion, whether to develop vertical integration strategy the organisation will need ensure that its cash flow are able to sustain as the risk is high due huge capital injection and also to have careful study on environment to ensure that the demand for input is high before developing the strategy.

Planning and Enabling free essay sample

Planning and Enabling Learning This assignment will be looking at four key areas in the planning and enabling learning unit. It will define the different sections of the module from negotiating with the Learner, inclusive learning, functional skills and concluding with communication. It will show that through research, I have been able to demonstrate that I have an understanding of how planning and enabling learning relates to the practical and theoretical side of teaching. How I am able to cater for the individual needs and to continually improve the educational development of the learners, through a positive scheme of work and transparent lesson plans. Negotiating with learnersInitial assessment is the key to finding out what the learners are capable of, what level are they working at and is the course suitable for them. So the assessment should look at existing skills, against the skills which will be required to complete the course, therefore it is aiming to get the best match between your learners and their learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Planning and Enabling or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a teacher I must have a clear idea of what the learners can and cannot achieve. Negotiating a realistic set of targets is about aiming for them to achieve their goals, so if they are on the right course and with the appropriate amount of support, then they should obtain their desired results. â€Å"If you don’t know where you are going you will probably end up somewhere else† (Laurence. J. Peter 1969) (quotegarden Dec 2011) Negotiation is giving structure, establishing basic rules and expectations between, tutor, learner and institute; it is an on-going program, which you should revisit throughout the course. A good quote from: Teaching Today (â€Å"Catch them before they fall† G. Petty 2006) So then you come to another question, where does it start and end, exactly what is open for negotiation; these rules seem to differ from one source to the next. So in my opinion you could start with: ground rules, course content, course process, learning teaching methodology, method of assessment, assessment process and course evaluation. (Higher Education for Capability 2011) I personally believe there are benefits as well as negatives when it comes to negotiating and my beliefs are supported by (Reece Walker 2007). Some negatives are that negotiated targets may become too unmanageable, so be mindful of the acronym SMART Specific, measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time bound. Follow these rules and both you; your learners will not go far wrong. Inclusive Learning Whilst researching this subject in depth, you come to understand how many teachers could view this as quite complex, but does it have to be? Well after reading so much myself my views didn’t change. Inclusive learning to me is simple; it’s about making the educational system accessible to all learners regardless of physical, mental or emotional needs. I could take quotes down from numerous authors, some which may hit all the right notes, but for me one short explanation on (Wikipedia Dictionary 2011). Fully inclusive schools which are rare, no longer distinguish between â€Å"general Education† and â€Å"Special Education† programs, instead, the school is restricted so that all students learn together. Although in some circumstances this is not always possible, we can adopt our attitudes and surroundings to include a vast number of disadvantaged students. In a study it has shown that it can have a positive effect on both students with or without special needs, it can help with reading, individualised educational programs (IEPs), improving communication and social skills. Positive effects on students without disabilities, include, the development of positive attitudes and perceptions of people with disabilities. (Wikipedia Jan 2012). You will always get critics who maintain special needs students are individualised, and in some studies the results show they may be right, but I maintain that in my teaching there will always be a place for Inclusive Learning to all. UNESCO) The United Nations Educational, Scientific and cultural organisation says: Inclusion refers to more than students with special needs; it is centred on the inclusion of marginalised groups, such as religious, racial, ethnic, linguistic minorities, immigrants, poor, and students with disabilities, hiv/aids patients, remote populations and more. So my answer is No, it do es not have to be. Inclusion, diversity, entitlement, differentiation, ensuring equal opportunities and personalised learning all require teachers to treat all students as Individuals. It’s as simple as that!!! Functional skillsFunctional skills are used in the broad sense to ensure that every learner is provided with the skills, abilities and knowledge needed to undertake responsibility in their everyday life, work, education and community. Functional skills are integrated into all my lesson plans, wherever possible. However, within my organisation, there is 2 hrs. a week set aside for specialist teaching, for all students. Which whilst this, is a good thing, it does not mean I can neglect this subject. But a quote from (Quality Improvement Agency) (Jan 2012) â€Å"You wouldn’t expect a maths teacher to teach plastering – so why on earth do you expect a plasterer to teach maths? † A very good point just goes to show how things have moved on. ICT in Decorating is becoming a common thing; it is used for liaising with clients, keeping financial records and dealing with stock etc. Numeracy is also an important part of my industry, from doing invoices, estimates, ordering of stock, measuring and cutting wallpapers and many more aspects of the trade. Literacy is vastly used when students have written papers to produce, invoices and estimates to write, the reading of all sorts of technical data regarding materials, drawings etc. I would also like to speak about language, which is an integral part of the decorating profession, from speaking and listening to clients, to working with clients and colleagues, whose first language may not be English and to make good use of positive body language. All are skills which can always be worked on. CommunicationThe types of communication, verbal and non-verbal are used in everyday life usually at the same time. I feel as a teacher you must be able to understand how your learners receive what you are saying and doing. I also believe effective communication allows for you to take control of your class and to maintain their respect and behaviour. Body language (non-verbal) is used without even thinking about it, gestures, facial expressions, rolling eyes and even the way we stand, can affect the way your students perceive you. When we talk (verbal) we think about the things we say and how we say them, the tone and pitch used influences the way we communicate. â€Å"Empathy and sympathy are also skills of communication, however, don’t be too keen to reveal to your learners personal information about you. † (Gravells Simpson 2009). To ensure for effective communication the teacher must ensure for any barriers learners have to be removed. Barriers prevent students from learning; therefore they have an effect upon their performance educationally, socially and personally. You should always take into consideration any physical, psychological and physiological factors that are barriers, learning difficulties, English may be a second language, or just the way you’re presenting it and the jargon being used. Communication is conveying and receiving information through words and actions. It is vital that you relay this information correctly, so as to improve your learner’s education. Summary I have written the content based upon my own personal and professional experiences. This has all been reinforced by researching books, internet, DTLLS sessions and mini teaching lessons by my peers. Learners naturally want to achieve but are not sure how, things that are not familiar or if there are personal, professional, social issues can become barriers, these can be removed by negotiations. This has been clarified by my research. Learner achievement works and develops immensely through inclusive learning, which I strongly believe in. Within my profession there are two sides, one being practical and the other theory. Practical is normally fairly straight forward, with the learner showing competence and knowledge of a decorating task. The theory side is more complicated as Health Safety etc. get more intricate, that’s where functional skills work well. There is a great deal of information out there, you need to sift through it, take on board what applies to you, and your students in the planning and enabling learning sector. Then your teaching skills will improve immensely, benefiting all involved. The research I have carried out has certainly helped to broaden my knowledge on, planning and enabling learning. I will use this to develop my students educational learning.

Battle of Empress Augusta Bay in World War II

Battle of Empress Augusta Bay in World War II Battle of Empress Augusta Bay- Conflict Date: The Battle of Empress Augusta Bay was fought November 1-2, 1943, during World War II (1939-1945).    Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - Fleets Commanders: Allies Rear Admiral Aaron Tip MerrillCaptain Arleigh Burke4 light cruisers, 8 destroyers Japan Rear Admiral Sentaro Omori2 heavy cruisers, 2 light cruisers, 6 destroyers Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - Background: In August 1942, having checked Japanese advances at the Battles of the Coral Sea and Midway, Allied forces moved to the offensive and initiated the Battle of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands.   Engaged in a protracted struggle for the island, numerous naval actions, such as Savo Island, Eastern Solomons, Santa Cruz, Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, and Tassafaronga were fought as each side sought the upper hand.   Finally achieving victory in February 1943, Allied forces began moving up the Solomons towards the large Japanese base at Rabaul.   Situated on New Britain, Rabaul was the focus of a larger Allied strategy, dubbed Operation Cartwheel, which was designed to isolate and eliminate the threat posed by the base.   As part of Cartwheel, Allied forces landed at Empress Augusta Bay on Bougainville on November 1.   Though the Japanese had a large presence on Bougainville, the landings met little resistance as the garrison was centered elsewhere on the island.   It was the intention of the Allies to establish a beachhead and construct an airfield with which to threaten Rabaul.   Understanding the danger posed by the enemy landings,  Vice Admiral Baron Tomoshige Samejima, commanding the 8th Fleet at Rabaul, with the support of Admiral Mineichi Koga, Commander-in-Chief of the Combined Fleet, ordered Rear Admiral Sentaro Omori to take a force south to attack the transports off Bougainville. Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - The Japanese Sail: Departing Rabaul at 5:00 PM on November 1, Omori possessed the heavy cruisers Myoko and Haguro, the light cruisers Agano and Sendai, and six destroyers.   As part of his mission, he was to rendezvous with and escort five transports carrying reinforcements to Bougainville.   Meeting at 8:30 PM, this combined force then was compelled to evade a submarine before being attacked by single American aircraft.   Believing that the transports were too slow and vulnerable, Omori ordered them back and accelerated with his warships towards Empress Augusta Bay.   To the south,  Rear Admiral Aaron Tip Merrills Task Force 39, consisting of Cruiser Division 12 (light cruisers USS  Montpelier, USS Cleveland, USS Columbia, and USS Denver) as well as Captain Arleigh Burkes Destroyer Divisions 45 (USS  Charles Ausburne, USS Dyson, USS Stanley, and USS Claxton) and 46 (USS Spence, USS Thatcher, USS Converse, and USS Foote) received word of the Japanese approach and departed their anchorage near Vella Lavella.   Reaching Empress Augusta Bay, Merrill found that the transports had already been withdrawn and began patrolling in anticipation of the Japanese attack. Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - Fighting Begins: Approaching from the northwest, Omoris ships moved in cruising formation with the heavy cruisers in the center and the light cruisers and destroyers on the flanks.   At 1:30 AM on November 2, Haguro sustained a bomb hit which reduced its speed.   Forced to slow to accommodate the damaged heavy cruiser, Omori continued his advance.   A short time later, a floatplane from Haguro inaccurately reported spotting one cruiser and three destroyers and then that the transports were still unloading at Empress Augusta Bay.   At 2:27 AM, Omoris ships appeared on Merrills radar and the American commander directed DesDiv 45 to make a torpedo attack.   Advancing, Burkes vessels fired their torpedoes.   At approximately the same time, the destroyer division led by Sendai also launched torpedoes. Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - Melee in the Dark: Maneuvering to avoid DesDiv 45s torpedoes, Sendai and the destroyers Shigure, Samidare, and Shiratsuyu turned towards Omoris heavy cruisers disrupting the Japanese formation.   Around this time, Merrill directed DesDiv 46 to strike.   In advancing, Foote became separated from the rest of the division.   Realizing that the torpedo attacks had failed, Merrill opened fire at 2:46 AM.   These early volleys severely damaged Sendai and caused Samidare and Shiratsuyu to collide.   Pressing the attack, DesDiv 45 moved against the northern end of Omoris force while DesDiv 46 struck the center.   Merrills cruisers spread their fire across the entirety of the enemy formation.   Attempting to steer between the cruisers, the destroyer Hatsukaze was rammed by Myoko and lost its bow.   The collision also caused damage to the cruiser which quickly came under American fire.    Hampered by ineffective radar systems, the Japanese returned fire and mounted additional torpedo attacks.   As Merrills ships maneuvered, Spence and Thatcher bumped but sustained little damage while Foote took a torpedo hit that blew off the destroyers stern.   Around 3:20 AM, having illuminated part of the American force with star shells and flares, Omoris ships began to score hits.   Denver sustained three 8 hits though all of the shells failed to explode.   Recognizing that the Japanese were having some success, Merrill laid a smoke screen which badly limited the enemys visibility.   Meanwhile,   DesDiv 46 focused their efforts on the stricken Sendai.    At 3:37 AM, Omori, wrongly believing that he had sunk an American heavy cruiser but that four more remained, elected to withdraw.   This decision was reinforced by concerns about being caught in daylight by Allied aircraft during the voyage back to Rabaul.   Firing a final salvo of torpedoes at 3:40 AM, his ships turned for home.   Finishing off Sendai, the American destroyers joined the cruisers in pursuing the enemy.   Around 5:10 AM, they engaged and sank the badly damaged Hatsukaze which was straggling behind Omoris force.   Breaking off the pursuit at dawn, Merrill returned to aid the damaged Foote before assuming a position off the landing beaches.    Battle of Empress Augusta Bay - Aftermath: In the fighting at the Battle of Empress Augusta Bay, Omori lost a light cruiser and destroyer as well as had a heavy cruiser, light cruiser, and two destroyers damaged.   Casualties were estimated at 198 to 658 killed.   Merrills TF 39 sustained minor damage to Denver, Spence, and  Thatcher while Foote was crippled.   Later repaired, Foote returned to action in 1944.   American losses totaled 19 killed.   The victory at Empress Augusta Bay secured the landing beaches while a large-scale raid on Rabaul on November 5, which included the air groups from USS Saratoga (CV-3) and USS Princeton (CVL-23), greatly reduced the threat posed by Japanese naval forces.   Later in the month, the focus shifted northeast to the Gilbert Islands where American forces landed Tarawa and Makin. Selected Sources: World War II Database: Battle of Empress Augusta BayBattle of Empress Augusta Bay - Order of BattleHistory of War: Battle of Empress Augusta Bay

Bottled water commodity chain Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bottled water commodity chain - Research Paper Example ny bottled water companies have been faced by numerous challenges, with others even being forced to close down due to excessive competition that exists in this industry. To evaluate the issues that exist in this industry, it is important to carry out a commodity chain analysis using FWC as an example. Fiji water has always been ahead of other companies when it comes to the production of bottled water. The production process begins with the tapping of rain water that is purified by the equatorial winds after travelling through the Pacific Ocean. The water is then filtered for a long period during which essential minerals such as ions and silica are gathered to increase the health of the consumers. The company’s marketing structure has been one factor that has enabled them to gain popularity and acquire a competitive edge against rival companies such as Dasani water from Coca Cola, Nestle’ water among others. FWC bases its strategy on the premise that when the consumers understand that their product originates from a remote aquifer in Fiji, they will have a liking towards it since it would represent an â€Å"untouched water with untouchable taste,† (Sorrells, 2012, para.1). This therefore implies that creating an identity to the customers would increase the cus tomer reliance on the product. Fiji’s marketing strategy has been a success over the last few years. This success can be attributed to the use of ideal aspects such as perfect market timing, a unique product positioning, premium product pricing, creating image publicity, innovative packaging and effective distribution. For instance, they have created a notion to the customers defining that their premium product is far from pollution, acid rain, industrial waste, and it is uncontaminated, untouched and uncompromised. According to Jessop, this product has been â€Å"preserved and protected by geography and geology† (2013, p. 10). This therefore results to a fine taste and mineral properties that are enjoyed